403(b) Non-ERISA | 403(b) ERISA | 401(k) Safe Harbor | 401(k) Traditional | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Employer can Match? | No | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Flexible eligibility? | No | No | Yes | Yes |
Employers can auto-enroll? | No | Yes | Yes | Yes |
ACP Test exempt? | Yes | No | Yes | No |
ADP Test exempt? | Yes | Yes | Yes | No |
Top Heavy Test exempt? | Yes | Yes | Yes | No |
Annual 5500 filing exempt? | Yes | No | No | No |
ERISA 403(b) | Non-ERISA 403(b) | |
---|---|---|
Allows employer contributions | Yes | No |
Allows auto-enrollment | Yes | No |
Universal Availability | Required | Required |
Allows auto-enrollment | Yes | No |
Requires annual 5500 | Yes | No |
Large plan audit | Yes | No |
ADP Test | Exempt | Exempt |
ACP Test | Required | Exempt |
Why nonprofit employees may prefer a 401(k) to a 403(b) | |||
---|---|---|---|
403(b) Non-ERISA | 403(b) ERISA | 401(k) | |
Employers can match? | Not allowed | Yes | Yes |
Typical Investment Cost | More expensive | More expensive | Cheaper |
Automatic Savings | No | Yes | Yes |
Average participation | 79% | 79% | 89% |
2022 | 2023 | |
---|---|---|
Employee Contribution Limit | $22,500 | $20,500 |
50+ Catchup Contributions | $7,500 | $6,500 |
Employee Contributions Limit w/ 50+ Catch-Up | $30,000 | $27,000 |
Employer Contribution Limit | 25% of plan eligible compensation | Same as 2023 |
Max Plan Eligible Compensation | $305,000 | $350,000 |
Under 50 Total Contribution Limit (Employee + Employer) | $66,000 | $61,000 |
50+ Total Contribution Limit (Employee + employer) | $73,500 | $61,000 |
Highly Compensated Employee Threshold | $150,000 | $135,000 |